Adipose or fat tissue measurement by MRI is a procedure that produces results similar to those of CT without exposing patients to harmful radiation. This review explains the nature and value of adipose tissue (AT) measurements that can be performed with MRI. This paper attempts to provide a general understanding of the acquisition sequences and image processing methods used in measurement and analysis of body AT, as well as the validation and uses of such information. Current methods of MRI-based AT measurement are reviewed and explained in detail.